Tectonic setting of outer trench slope volcanism: pillow basalt and limestone in the Taconian orogen of eastern New York

نویسندگان

  • Ed Landing
  • Karem Azmy
چکیده

The only pillow basalt in synorogenic sedimentary rocks at the exterior margin of the Taconic orogen in eastern North America is at Stark’s Knob in eastern New York. Earlier reported as extrusive into allochthonous Ordovician slope and rise facies, this small lens (ca. 125+ m long, 39 m thick) is a fault-bounded block in Upper Ordovician melange under the Taconian frontal thrust. Its N-MORB (normal mid-ocean ridge basalt) basalt geochemistry and spinel composition are characteristic of oceanic ridge settings at a water depth of 2 km or more. Abundant limestone lenses on pillows and lava shelves within pillows yielded a middle Late Ordovician gastropod. The limestones are reconciled with this extrusion depth and with limited early Paleozoic pelagic carbonate production by lime mud transport from the Laurentian platform or abiotic carbonate precipitation with sea-water heating during basalt extrusion. A genetic relationship between the parautochthonous Stark’s Knob basalts and the allochthonous Jonestown volcanics in slope and rise facies of the Hamburg klippe, eastern Pennsylvania, is likely. Both are Ordovician MORB basalts that reflect volcanism on the subducting outer trench slope prior to the Taconic arc – Laurentia collision. Taconic orogenesis may have led to basalt production on the subducting plate by (1) the setting up of orogen-parallel, predominantly strike-slip motion on the subducting slab with MORB basalt generated at offsets in a setting analogous to the Gulf of California or (2) development of faults in a flexure-induced extensional regime. By either process, mafic volcanism appears to be a rare but tectonically significant process on outer trench slopes as continental margins or oceanic plates enter subduction zones. Résumé : L’unique basalte à coussinet dans les roches sédimentaires syntectoniques à la bordure extérieure de l’orogène taconique dans l’est de l’Amérique du Nord se trouve à Stark’s Knob dans l’est de l’état de New York. Antérieurement rapportée comme une roche extrusive dans le faciès de pente et de pied de pente de l’Ordovicien allochtone, cette petite lentille (~ 125+ m long, 39 m épais) est en fait un bloc limité par des failles dans le mélange (Ordovicien supérieur) sous le chevauchement frontal taconien. Sa géochimie de basaltes médio-océaniques actuels normaux (N-MORB) et sa composition de spinelle sont caractéristiques des environnements de crête océanique à une profondeur de 2 km ou plus. D’abondantes lentilles de calcaire sur coussinets et les plates-formes de lave à l’intérieur des coussinets ont donné un gastropode datant de l’Ordovicien tardif. Les calcaires concordent avec cette profondeur d’extrusion et avec la production limitée de carbonate pélagique au Paléozoïque précoce par le transport de boue de chaux de la plate-forme laurentienne ou par la précipitation abiotique des carbonates lors du réchauffement de l’eau de mer durant l’extrusion du basalte. Une relation génétique est probable entre les basaltes parautochtones de Stark’s Knob et les volcaniques allochtones de Jonestown dans le facies de pente et de pied de pente du klippe de Hamburg, dans l’est de la Pennsylvanie. Les deux sont des basaltes MORB de l’Ordovicien qui reflètent le volcanisme sur la pente de la fosse externe en subduction avant la collision entre l’arc taconique et la Laurentia. L’orogenèse taconique peut avoir conduit à la production de basalte sur la plaque en subduction en : (1) initiant du mouvement surtout coulissant, parallèle à l’orogène, sur la plaque en subduction, avec des basaltes MORB générés aux retraits dans un environnement analogue à celui du golfe de la Californie ou (2) en développant des failles dans un régime extensionnel induit par de la flexure. Par l’un ou l’autre des procédés, le volcanisme mafique semble être un processus rare mais tectoniquement significatif sur les pentes externes des fosses alors que les marges continentales ou les plaques océaniques entrent dans les zones de subduction. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Landing et al. 1787 Received 19 February 2003. Accepted 24 July 2003. Published on the NRC Research Press Web site at http://cjes.nrc.ca on 9 December 2003. Paper handled by Associate Editor J.D. Greenough. Ed Landing.1 New York State Museum, Albany, NY 12230, U.S.A. Georgia Pe-Piper. Department of Geology, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. William S. F. Kidd. Department of Geological Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, U.S.A. Karem Azmy. Mineralogisch-Petrographiches Institut, Universität Basel, Bernoullistrasse 30, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. 1Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]). J:\cjes\cjes4012\E03-076.vp December 4, 2003 10:32:52 AM Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen

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تاریخ انتشار 2003